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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The complete blood count (CBC) or Haemogram is used as a broad screening test to check for such disorders as anemia, infection, and many other diseases. It is actually a panel of tests that examines different parts of the blood.

Haemoglobin
A complex molecule containing iron which carries oxygen in the blood. Haemoglobin is contained within red blood cells, which become oxygenated in the lungs. These are transported around the body by the heart to the body and returned to the lungs for re-oxygenation. Iron deficiency affects haemoglobin production and results in anaemia, which results in weakness and reduced endurance.

Total Leucocytes Count (TLC)
Total leucocyte count reflects number of white blood cells in your blood. White blood cells fight infection.

Differential Leucocytes Count (DLC)
It is the percentage of each variety of leukocytes in the blood, usually based on counting 100 leukocytes. Also known as differential blood count. There are mainly five types of leucocytes, each with its own function in protecting us from infection:
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes

ESR
ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The ESR is an easy, inexpensive, nonspecific test that has been used for many years to help diagnose conditions associated with acute and chronic inflammation, including infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. ESR is said to be nonspecific because increases do not tell the doctor exactly where the inflammation is in your body or what is causing it, and also because it can be affected by other conditions besides inflammation. For this reason, ESR is typically used in conjunction with other tests.

ESR is helpful in diagnosing two specific inflammatory diseases, temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. A high ESR is one of the main test results used to support the diagnosis. It is also used to monitor disease activity and response to therapy in both of these diseases.

Platelet Count (Cell Counter)
A platelet count is often ordered as a part of a complete blood count, which may be done at an annual physical examination. It is almost always ordered when a patient has unexplained bruises or takes what appears to be an unusually long time to stop bleeding from a small cut or wound.

Bleeding disorders or bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia, require the determination of the number of platelets present and/or their ability to function correctly.

RBC Count
An RBC count is a blood test that tells how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. How much oxygen your body tissues get depends on how many RBCs you have and how well they work.

MCV
The MCV Lab Test is a kind of Hemotology Test. The results are derived from Hct, Hgb, and RBC count from a blood sample. The test is an indicator for the size of the RBC's or red blood cells. It helps to determine if there is risk for certain anemia's.

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a measurement of the average size of your RBCs (red blood cells). The MCV is elevated when your RBCs are larger than normal (macrocytic), for example in anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. When the MCV is decreased, your RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic), such as is seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias.

PCV
The packed cell volume (PCV) is a measurement of the proportion of blood that is made up of cells. The value is expressed as a percentage or fraction of cells in blood. For example, a PCV of 40% means that there are 40 millilitres of cells in 100 millilitres of blood.

A decreased PCV indicates anaemia, such as that caused by iron deficiency. Further testing may be necessary to determine the exact cause of the anaemia.

Other conditions that can result in a low PCV include vitamin or mineral deficiencies, recent bleeding, cirrhosis of the liver, and malignancies.

The most common cause of increased PCV is dehydration, and with adequate fluid intake, the PCV returns to normal. However, it may reflect a condition called polycythaemia vera, that is, when a person has more than the normal number of red blood cells due to a problem with the bone marrow . More commonly polycythaemia is a compensation for inadequate lung function (the bone marrow manufacturers more red blood cells in order to carry enough oxygen throughout your body).

MCHC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a red cell. Decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally diluted inside the red cells, such as in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia. Increased MCHC values (hyperchromia) are seen in conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally concentrated inside the red cells, such as in burn patients and hereditary spherocytosis, a relatively rare congenital disorder.

MPV
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of your platelets. New platelets are larger, and an increased MPV occurs when increased numbers of platelets are being produced. MPV gives your doctor information about platelet production in your bone marrow.

RDW
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, or RDW blood test, measures the variation of red blood cell width reported as part of a standard Complete Blood Count.